How to Write Topics For a Persuasive Essay

<h1>How to Write Topics For a Persuasive Essay</h1><p>Topics for a powerful exposition are a necessary piece of the whole organization. Individuals are inclined to put stock in the thoughts that are offered by a writer as long as the person in question has given their composed material some substance and relevance.</p><p></p><p>It is hence basic that the subject for a powerful article is deliberately considered and developed. A couple of basic advances can be followed to have a superior comprehend of the particular subject you are going to utilize and to get your own thoughts together.</p><p></p><p>As scholars, we have two different ways of moving toward themes for an influential exposition: one, as is commonly said, 'down to business' or two, composing 'moderate and solid'. On the off chance that you are composing your exposition with the aim of having it distributed and maybe utilized in a meeting or in the school pa per, at that point you can consider composing 'speedy'. This technique may work in the event that you are composing a couple of sections a day and you are likewise glad to explore different avenues regarding various informal language here and there.</p><p></p><p>If you don't mean to distribute your exposition or on the off chance that you believe that a conversational tone would be unseemly in your article, at that point the second strategy for composing 'moderate and solid' will be your best choice. Be that as it may, in the event that you are utilizing your exposition as a reason for a proposition, for a scholarly paper, or as a life story, at that point the methods recommended for 'speedy' composing are perfect. The explanation is that with this style of composing, you can let your thoughts stream freely.</p><p></p><p>This can be a ton actually quite difficult, however there are some valuable tips that can be followed. In the event that you are composing your article with the goal of having it distributed and maybe utilized in a meeting or in the school paper, at that point you can consider composing 'snappy and dirty'.</p><p></p><p>The first tip is to not adhere to a particular sort of sentence development, for example, having one long word rather than two short ones. Attempt however much as could reasonably be expected to keep the structure of the sentence basic and normal. This way to not utilize verb modifiers and to keep the language structure of the sentences as near its normal structure as could be expected under the circumstances. There are a few deceives that can be utilized so as to stay away from the presence of being too academic.</p><p></p><p>Another tip is to have a ton of fun with your paper. Attempt to remember that the individuals perusing your paper won't really be scholastics. This implies you should have the option to engage the individuals wh o will really peruse your essay.</p><p></p><p>The other tip is to imagined the peruser's perspective and make a feeling of what it resembles to peruse your exposition. Try not to stress over the insightful parts of your exposition in the event that they appear to be wrong to you. On the off chance that you believe that there is something that may be hard to clarify, say it as you feel it.</p>

Essay Topics For Walt Whitman to a Stranger - Important Considerations

Essay Topics For Walt Whitman to a Stranger - Important ConsiderationsDid you know that there are essay topics for Walt Whitman to a Stranger? If you thought the subject matter was impossible to write about without having at least some knowledge of the author, you may be surprised to learn that not only is this possible, but it also leaves a great deal of creative freedom.To use one of essay topics for Walt Whitman to a Stranger to give you an idea of what I mean, consider that you were asked to write an essay about what poetry meant to you. What would you include and what elements would you leave out? Would you include 'Song of Myself,' or would you try to cover all of the poet's works?The same is true of writing an essay on subjects about Whitman to a Stranger. You can include his poetry, you can include a short story, or you can put any number of pieces from his longer works into a single essay.Once you find essay topics for Walt Whitman to a Stranger that you want to include, you must begin by researching the author. If you want to include any notes from your teacher, try to include notes that outline his background and achievements.It is best to cover a little of what he was working on at the time he wrote his poetry so that you don't include any gaps in what you will be covering. He wrote a lot of poetry, and was more than happy to share with students in his class. If you come across something in his works that you want to include, make sure you leave enough space for him to have had enough time to address the issue, and finish the issue in time.Essay topics for Walt Whitman to a Stranger can also be considered if you're just not interested in covering all of his works, and only want to talk about his poetry. His poetry is very diverse, and may be the subject of a different essay altogether.An essay on life or death, or something similar can be written, since he was often very interested in science and medicine. A very short note written on some of his wr itings can be used as a research subject, to tell a story. An article for a magazine can contain information, and a book you may write about the author's life can contain information about his accomplishments and times.The great thing about using essay topics for Walt Whitman to a Stranger is that you will be able to write about almost anything that interests you. This is the greatest benefit of any author, because it gives the writer a lot of freedom to choose whatever topics they choose to write about.

Writing Essays On Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics

<h1>Writing Essays On Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics</h1><p>The Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics are expositions that inspect various subjects, for example, self-improvement, innovativeness, love and connections. Expositions on these subjects typically have an attention on connections and investigating how their lives were changed by various connections. The points are regularly joined to shape one essay.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals who decide to compose these Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics are people who were brought into the world with certain character characteristics and capacities. For example, an individual with an imaginative twisted may decide to compose an article about their experience working in a workmanship display. Moreover, the individuals who love nature and untamed life may decide to expound on the improvement of their affection for the subject. Others may be composing a paper to demonstrate their prevalence over others.</ p><p></p><p>Lady Or The Tiger exposition subjects can be composed by a wide range of individuals. Regardless of whether you are an understudy or an ongoing alumni, in the event that you like to keep in touch with you can generally decide to investigate your enthusiasm through your composed words. In the event that you are keen on composing on this subject, at that point here are some significant things to keep in mind.</p><p></p><p>First, you should choose what love is to you. When you have concluded you will have the option to figure out what sort of life that you need to live. When you have chosen what life you need to live then you can push ahead in making a Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics that will reflect how you have made your life to date.</p><p></p><p>Second, there are a wide range of relationship styles that you can look over. You can pick whether you would want to date an individual or a gathering of peopl e. This may not be an issue since you can decide to date somebody exclusively in the event that you would prefer not to get to know one another as a gathering. You can likewise pick whether you need to date somebody from your school or in the event that you are simply searching for a well disposed friendship.</p><p></p><p>Third, the Lady Or The Tiger Essay Topics can be utilized to uncover your internal identity. To start you ought to compose your own story. When you start imparting this individual story to others you will start to find and comprehend what love is to you. At that point you can discover what it is that you need to impart to other people and discover what it is that you need to become.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you ought to consistently compose. You should set aside the effort to fabricate your trust so as to build up your composing aptitudes. Without the best possible hard working attitude and inspiration you will always be unable to turn into an extraordinary writer.</p><p></p><p>Once you have assembled your insight about affection and your own story you can proceed onward to the following stage - composing your articles. There are a wide range of ways that you can build up your composing aptitudes yet on the off chance that you need to keep on investigating your interests you have to do it and the best way to do it is to build up your composing skills.</p>

What Can You Do With a Template For College Essay Grading?

<h1>What Can You Do With a Template For College Essay Grading?</h1><p>A layout for school article reviewing rubric can be an extraordinary assistance in the event that you are adhered on what to expound on, what to change in the paper, or which papers to turn in. There are various online formats that you can download and use to assist you with reviewing your papers. These papers should be expertly altered before you submit them, so ensure you have the entirety of the sentence structure and accentuation marks right before you start writing.</p><p></p><p>Take a gander at 'The Top-Rated Online Course on Essay Grading,' by Amy Stewart. This layout is anything but difficult to peruse and simple to alter. It is additionally significantly more moderate than some different papers. You'll set aside yourself some cash and time by utilizing this one.</p><p></p><p>The Texas Ed Essay Grader by Linda C. Gill is another extraordinary format. It very well may be a decent guide when composing your papers, however you can without much of a stretch alter the layouts and change it to meet your needs.</p><p></p><p>The Easy Essay by Lynda. is another well known one, yet it may not be appropriate for everybody. It has the rudiments secured and has a segment where you can place in your references. This implies you will have a reference list, which you can use for future essays.</p><p></p><p>The Canada Ed Essay Grader is an incredible layout that has a segment where you can append the chapter by chapter guide. The Canada Ed Essay Grader is useful for the individuals who are less acquainted with school. It doesn't require a great deal of altering and just necessitates that you know somewhat about college.</p><p></p><p>The Basic Grade Grader has a segment that you can put your three most significant focuses in, and afterward your different focuses will come straightaway. It likewise gives you the alternative of including or changing your chapter by chapter guide. These formats are useful for the individuals who are simply beginning out.</p><p></p><p>Writing school papers ought to be fun, and in the event that you follow these layouts for evaluating, you will get the best out of your composing experience. Great luck!</p>

Learn About Writing An Essay That I Did Not Know Before

<h1>Learn About Writing An Essay That I Did Not Know Before</h1><p>There are numerous acceptable approaches to find out about composing an article that I didn't know previously. As a matter of first importance, the things that you have to learn will differ contingent upon whether you are doing it for a secondary school or school level. Be that as it may, the greater part of all, you have to ensure that you truly realize what you are writing.</p><p></p><p>Learning isn't tied in with making something seem as though what you figure it ought to be, yet rather it is tied in with making something that is actually what you need it to be. So you must be cautious in what you compose and how you compose it.</p><p></p><p>One of the things that you have to learn is the entire thought of structure. Structure can be characterized as the request wherein an essayist places his thoughts and perceptions into a specific point. To put it plainly, it is the request where the work is put together.</p><p></p><p>If you need to find out about composing an article that I didn't know previously, at that point you should have the option to find out about structure. What's more, this may appear to be an exceptionally clear thing, yet it truly isn't. The principal thing that you have to do is to focus on what you compose, with the goal that you can increase a more profound comprehension of the way the world works.</p><p></p><p>You need to consistently set aside the effort to record something, so you can check whether you have been expounding on the subject that you truly needed to expound on. In the event that you have, at that point it implies that you have just begun your first draft of the essay.</p><p></p><p>One of the things that you have to find out about composing an article that I didn't know before is to ensure that you have a theme that you trul y need to discuss. It is significant that you really pick the subject for the article, with the goal that you will have the option to find out about composing a paper that I didn't know previously. It is ideal to record what sort of theme you need to expound on, and this can be hard to do.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that you have to find out about composing an exposition that I didn't know before is to find out about language. This is a significant thing that you have to do, in light of the fact that you would prefer not to be blamed for cheating, or utilizing any sort of mesmerizing. This is the principle motivation behind why I need to state that you truly need to ensure that you truly find out about grammar.</p><p></p><p>The last thing that you have to find out about composing an article that I didn't know before is to begin your venture without any preparation. It is significant that you start without any preparation each time that you need to compose a paper, so you will have the option to find out about composing an article that I didn't know before.</p>

How to Argue Or Against Essay Sample

Step by step instructions to Argue Or Against Essay SampleIf you are wanting to compose an exposition, you can utilize composing tests to how to contend possibly in support of article test. This is a valuable instrument for you since it will assist you with acclimating yourself with the structure of an article and furthermore, how to utilize contentions to help your contention. There are a wide range of tests to browse yet here are a couple to consider.First, you can utilize a composed exposition about your background. Do you recollect when you previously got hitched? How could you discover it? You are presently a solitary individual. On the off chance that you have encountered all that life brings to the table, you ought to compose a composed exposition of your experiences.Second, you can compose a paper about your preferred side interest or business. What is your preferred sort of hobby?Third, you can utilize how to contend possibly in support of article test about your day by day schedule. You are your every day routine.Fourth, you can utilize how to contend possibly in support of exposition test to expound on your present place of employment. What are your qualities and shortcomings in this job?Fifth, you can utilize composing tests to how to contend possibly in support of exposition test for individual papers. What is your experience and what do you bring to the table to the company?Writing tests to how to contend possibly in support of article test are extraordinary for you. You can utilize them to further your potential benefit. Good karma on your article!

How to Write Expository Essays - Writing Essays for Expository Topics

<h1>How to Write Expository Essays - Writing Essays for Expository Topics</h1><p>Many understudies think that its hard to compose a decent explanatory paper subject. It can require some investment to become acclimated to how to utilize a subject framework for composing papers. Commonly an understudy finds that the possibility of an informative paper is excessively basic and it can become confounding when you first beginning writing.</p><p></p><p>Writing an explanatory exposition can be the most provoking kind of article to compose. It requires composing various articles about a particular subject. It likewise expects you to keep in touch with one article for every topic.</p><p></p><p>As you see how to compose an interpretive exposition point, the main thing you ought to do is compose the article on a theme that intrigues you. At the point when you compose an informative paper, it is essential to compose on a subject th at is identified with the subject of your theme. It might appear as though it is anything but difficult to begin composing a descriptive paper subject on the subject of your preferred get-away spot, yet it can get troublesome as you keep on composing. There are such a significant number of different subjects that you can pick from.</p><p></p><p>The first significant advance is to compose the early on section. In this passage, you should start by portraying the setting for the article. You will at that point broadly expound on the explanation that the theme is required in the paper. Toward the finish of the article, you will complete the article with a conclusion.</p><p></p><p>You ought to recall that the explanatory paper ought not be excessively long. It is basic for them to be between 300 and 400 words. There are a couple of tips that can assist you with shielding your exposition from being too long.</p><p></p><p >When you compose a short article, you will have more space to compose your focuses. You will likewise have more space to make a solid contention in your article. It is critical to compose your descriptive exposition points that are not extremely long. It is critical to have the option to compose a powerful article and an explanatory paper in around 300 to 400 words.</p><p></p><p>Another thing that is significant is to take a gander at how you utilize the exposition subject. On the off chance that you utilize the article subject too often, at that point you will feel that it is taking up a lot of your time. You ought to consider finding an article that can identify with the subject of your paper and afterward start your article on that topic.</p><p></p><p>Finally, the way to composing an informative exposition is to ensure that the peruser will take in something from the article. In the event that you imagine that the peruser will m aster something that is straightforwardly identified with the subject of the paper, at that point you should compose another article on that theme. This can assist you with picking up the validity that is required in the composing field.</p>

How To Choose Photos And Essay Topics

<h1>How To Choose Photos And Essay Topics</h1><p>What makes the basic photograph paper themes so mainstream? All things considered, that is a central issue. An incredible assortment of topic and story lines have been investigated in this class and it is difficult to list all of them.</p><p></p><p>A normal exposition subject is one that can be utilized from numerous points of view. A few creators use it to focus on their work. Others need to do a unique tale about a significant period in their lives. Numerous understudies use it as an approach to say something about the present circumstance and issues they are facing.</p><p></p><p>As for the utilization of paper subjects, some are more useful than others. There are themes on training that will assist with getting understudies amped up for school. Then again, points, for example, a debacle or reports may work up a decent arrangement of feeling. What's more, there are lik ewise points that will essentially have a huge effect in an understudies' life or mind.</p><p></p><p>Common photograph paper themes are effectively accessible and can be discovered utilizing the web. The best spot to discover them is on free sites. These are locales that offer many classes of subjects and you will probably discover several good thoughts to assist you with making your own custom essay.</p><p></p><p>You may pick one theme for a particular time period or have the option to choose the same number of as you need. Maybe you will need to compose it for one year, five years, ten years, or another timeframe. It is up to you. Since a large portion of these sites are free, there is no stress over how you will pay for the essay.</p><p></p><p>A extraordinary thing about photograph article points is that a significant number of them will just show how you can utilize straightforward photography. For instance, on the off chance that you can catch a notable picture that is identified with your exposition subject, at that point you will get bunches of consideration. In the event that not, at that point you can generally add another photograph to the portfolio.</p><p></p><p>One of the best things about photography online is that you don't need to stress over how you will pay for the work. For whatever length of time that you set aside the effort to do a little research and ensure you have a decent portfolio, at that point you will in all probability have the option to compose an excellent essay.</p>

Pursuant to the National Merit Scholarship Program

Pursuant to the National Merit Scholarship ProgramPursuant to the National Merit Scholarship Program, there are a lot of topics that you can choose to cover in your curriculum vitae. Pursuant to 'applications and motivations' rules, some of these subjects should be on the list of persuasive essay topics for college. You can use topics that are already taught in high school as an alternative for an original essay topic. A great topic is the 'necessity' of a topic because it establishes a relationship between the student and the essay-writing instructor and it is also a good idea to be familiar with the essay topic for college if the instructor has something similar.When writing a persuasive essay topic for college, do not worry about making it into a high school composition or a college-based essay, but write a compelling, readable, well-structured and interesting essay based on the topics learned in high school. Most students who are going to apply to college will already have a basi c knowledge of those subjects and they already know how to utilize these subjects in a persuasive essay. If you can learn new things and expand your knowledge in those subjects, so much the better.Pursuit Essays, or essays are very important in the admissions process and must be written properly. There are some famous students who have excelled at writing pursuit essays. These students include Jonathan Swift, Shakespeare, and Adam Smith, and are very successful in college.To write a good introduction to your curriculum vitae, begin by listing the different subjects that you want to cover in your writing. When addressing these subjects, begin by discussing what the topic is for the college you are applying to. Be sure to explain how these subjects would help you succeed academically, or how these subjects would help your goals in life.Pursuant to the standards of the program, you must outline what will be included in your essay topics for college. For example, if you are applying to a program that requires a History of Science and Technology, you must outline your interests in that area. There are many different subject areas that can be covered in a pursuit essay. Most likely, the curriculum vitae will ask for a range of areas to discuss.Pursuant to the standards of the program, you must outline what your first sentence will be in your essay topics for college. When outlining the foundation of your essay, it is a good idea to mention in the first sentence what your main concern is, and then explain why this concern is important to you. Do not forget to mention how this concern relates to the other aspects of your essay, such as your thesis statement and the structure of your paper.To prepare for the issues that are usually listed as pursuant to the standards of the program, write about each of them, making sure that you demonstrate your knowledge and skills in the area that you are writing about. The list of topics to be discussed can vary from subject to subj ect, as these areas are different in each subject. As an example, if you are writing about math, it would be easy to discuss topics like fractions, decimals, and prime numbers.If you plan to do any pursuance essay topics for college, remember that the standards for college and graduation include topics that are a high school skill. Make sure that you write about topics that you have gained experience in, which you will need to be able to do when taking the test, so that you can do well on it. You do not want to spend your last semester in high school writing something that you will not be able to answer with confidence once you get to college.

What´s International Trade - 1442 Words

Introduction International trade is to explain why countries to import and export cargo, and barriers to trade and many different steps and trade barriers have been taken down and explain some economic factors must be protected trade. When foreign trade is not strongly change, government spending and taxes, like most of the headlines, it aroused some peoples blood in economics. Both exports and imports will affect the livelihood and way of life. These people are very anxious, but those who worry about their personal liveway. Economists generally believe that almost, overseas trade will be in a free global market a large number of people have done a lot of good. Forms of Restriction on International Trade Free trade is the†¦show more content†¦This problem has been greatly reduced due to estimation in cross-border trade goods agreement between countries is now. The Reason of Trade Barriers Free trade is in many countries and most of the traditional media. They believe that free trade will slow economic growth, employment, let the injured. These are some of the reasons of economic and trade protection: †¢ Continue to save local work from the cheap foreign labor. Although, output per worker is higher, are high in general wage industrialized countries. The highest wages can reflect the maximum work rate or no benefit. Owners must reduce wages and production efficiency. †¢ Increased trade deficit. Trade barriers make imports more expensive, reduce the demand for imports. However, trading partners can also raise prices, international trade. This policy will not solve the problem, if the domestic production of goods without competition or may not be high quality. The country is willing to spend not so much if they fall in exports imports. †¢ Continue to save the infant industry. Countries to emerging industries. A long time, become aggressive. However, some government protection will never end, these industries will from trade barriers have given their interests become aggressive. †¢ Trade barriers supporters do not agree with the overseas industry often engaged in unfair trade practices, unfair competition environment. A common differences, overseas imports sold to domesticShow MoreRelatedThe Global Economy and International Trade1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Global Economy and International Trade What Is International Trade International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Increasing international trade is crucial to the continuanceRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesin the communication aspect. So what its globalization and its effects on the United States? WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION? First off, we will search and explore some definitions of the term globalization. ?Globalization is the process of denationalization of markets, politics, and legal systems, i.e., the rise of the so-called global economy? (Introduction to Globalization, 2004). Another article states, ?Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon in human history that?s been bringing the world closerRead MoreWhat Happens When There Is a Surplus of Imports Brought Into the Us1065 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Trade and Finance Speech What happens when there is a surplus of imports into the U S: A surplus of imports is good for consumers but bad for local business. We have to produce and manufacture in order to export. As our export trade shrinks, so does our workforce and economy. The surplus of imported cars for 2012 has exceeded the exportation by $152 billion. Also the shelf life of cars is 1 year. Every year at the end of the cycle the existing models are sold off at huge discountsRead MoreWhat Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade? 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies. Becoming international is an important factor in assisting organizations in becoming globally competitive. Strategic imperatives have helped in the development of globalization. Organizations can no longer stand still while their competitors grow stronger. This causes organizations to seek out new markets. Survival is a key indicator for an organization to enter into a global market place. What would our nation do without globalization and international trade? Below i s a list ofRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what should be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countries (CommercialRead MoreInternational Trade : Comparative And Competitive Advantage1512 Words   |  7 Pages International trade theories are simply theories that explain how imports and exports work between different countries. Hence the name international trade. 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Your work should be a result of your own independent research and contain references throughoutRead MoreMarket Forces Shape Organisational Responses Using A Range Of Examples?1086 Words   |  5 Pagesthe shoes, thereby can influence the price of product and one would have no other alternative but to buy the product. Buyer’s Bargaining Power: This is the ability of customers to put an organisation under pressure, which also affects the customer s sensitivity to price changes. Firms can take measures to reduce buyer power, such as implementing a loyalty program. For example, the introduction of Tesco clubs card by Tesco retailer and also the introduction of a discount card. Threat of Substitution:Read MoreFactors That Influence A Nations Willingness Enter Into Trade Agreements1714 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many factors that influence a nation’s willingness to enter into Trade Agreements. Briefly outline the basic models discussed in the readings and class (Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardo-Viner). Discuss what factors influence domestic trade preferences (Political, Economic, Sociotropic, etc.). According to the article, the hypothesis of Heckscher-Ohlin model or factor endowments is that â€Å"all factors of production within a country are mobile across sectors, that markets are perfectly competitiveRead MoreFinancial And Non Financial Trade Organizations909 Words   |  4 Pagesnon-financial trade organizations and institutions in Canada There are lots of different financial and non-financial organizations and institutions in Canada; however, the focus will be on several of them such as Global Affairs Canada, Ministry of International Trade, Enterprise Toronto, EDC, TFO etc. According to the Government of Canada (2017), Global Affairs Canada is a division of the Government of Canada, which is focused on relationships with other countries, managing Canada`s international trade

Introduction to Epidemiology-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Calculate the sensitivity and specificity of pooled ear notch PCR, using the AC-ELISA results as your gold standard. 2.Initially your gold standard for pooled ear notch PCR was AC-ELISA tests on individual animals, and herds were classified as infected if at least one cow tested positive on AGID. If you changed your gold-standard definition, classifying a herd as infected if at least two cows tested positive on AC-ELISA, how might that affect your evaluation of the ear-notch PCR 3.Assume that about 15% of the 500 herds in your region are infected with BVD a.What would the predictive value of a pooled ear-notch PCR test be for the region? b.What is the probability that a herd testing negative in your region is actually uninfected? Answers: 1.Sensitivity defines the ability of classify correctly of a test on a disease of an individual. Mathematically expressed as Sensitivity= a/a+c where a is true positive, and a+c is true positive + true negative. The result gives the probability of an individual or animal being tested positive in case of the presence of a disease. Using the provided statistics; the sensitivity = 68/68+11 =0.883 which is equivalent to 88.3%. This means the probability of the BVD disease of the herds of 97 cattle was 88.3% attack level. Specificity tests if an individual or an animal is free from a disease. It helps in the identification and correct testing to ascertain that an individual is not suffering from a disease Specificity is mathematically expressed as d/b+d where d=true negative, b+d= true negative+ false positive. From specificity calculations, the probability of being tested negative for a disease in an individual or animal is determined. From the given data, the specificity is calculated as; 20/20+11=0.645 which is equivalent to 64.5%. This means 64.5% of the beef cattle tested disease free of BVD on AC-ELISA test. 2.A hypothetically ideal gold standard definition test would always give a return of 100% on the sensitivity with regard to the prevailing disease that is under test(Howlett, 2013). This it does by identifying all the animals using a proper defined disease processes and does not give any false-negative results. Such a gold standard test also offers 100% of specificity. Such specificity does not identify an individual to be suffering from a condition that he does not suffer from in the real sense. In other words such specificity does not offer any false-positive results. This is not the normally observable gold standard tests available in practice but instead imperfect standards. By changing the gold standard test from classifying a herd as infected if one cow is infected to two cows to be classified as infected, the accuracy of the gold standard test on the evaluation of the ear-notch PCR would be compromised(Howlett, 2013). By increasing the number of animals that would determine positive classification for infection, the test would not be analyzing individual animals. This would translate to wholesome interpretation and conclusion thereby lowering the accuracy of the gold standard test. An ideal gold standard test returns 100% on both specificity and sensitivity. These returns are only achievable if the tests are done on each and every animal from the herd in which the evaluation was being conducted. An increase in the number of animals that is used in the classification of a positive result of either of the test does not allow for proper identification and study of an animal in the possible aspects and disease processes(Jekel, 2015). The chances of falsely identifying an animal with a disease or condition it does not have is increased if the number of animals is increased that is as the number of animals are increased, the level of accuracy of the gold standard test decreases. 3.The predictive values are either positive or negative. Positive predictive values indicate the number of animals from the herd that actually have the BVD disease while negative predictive values determines the number of animals from the region that have tested negative and do not have the disease in their bodies. Positive predictive value, PPV=a/a+b where a is true positive a+b is true positive+ false positive using the provided statistics once again for the calculations; the true positive is 15% of 500 animals=75 animals 75/75+425=0.15 which is an equivalent of 15%. This means a probability of 0.15 of a positive test if any one of the 500 animals in the region would be tested for BVD disease. b.The probability of a herd from the 500 animals testing negative is actually uninfected is determined by calculating the negative predictive value of the population which is estimated from the expression; NPV= d/c+d where d is true negative, c+d is false negative + true negative =425/75+425 =0.85 which in an equivalent of 85% of the animals. It means 85% of the 500 animals would test negative and would actually be uninfected in case a test is done. References Howlett, B. (2013). Evidence Based Practice for Health Professionals. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Jekel, J. F. (2015). Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences.